Rotary cutting tool for the fragmentation of wood and other fibrous substances



R. VAZIEUX ETAL FOR TH FRAGMENTATION WOOD AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSIANCES Sheets-Sheet 1 v ROTAR INVENTORS CHARLES E. R, VAZiEl X LVCiEN PRQUTEAU ATTK Aug. 14, 1951 c. E. R. VAZIEUX ETAL 2,564,551 ROTARY CUTTING TOOL FOR THE FRAGMENTATION 0F woon AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 9, 1947 .Fia. 6.

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- INVENTORS CHARLES E. R.VAZiEUX LUCI'EN H. P OUTEAU BY I ATTK A 14,1951 R. OVAZIEUX ETAL 2,564,551

C. E. ROTARY CUTTING TOOL FOR THE FRAGMENTATION OF WOOD AND OTHER F IBROUS SUBSTANCES Filed Ju1y'9, 1947 3 Shee ts-Sheet 5 C/za vie/SE, A. V1; z'eux and Z ucl'e 72,17: Prozcie a. to

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Patented Aug. 14, v1 95 1 ROTARY CUTTING TOOL FOR THE FRAG MENTATION FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF WOOD AND OTHER Charles Eugene Roger Vazieux, Saint-Maude, and Lucien Hippolyte Prouteau, Bagnolet, France Application July 9, 1947, Serial No. 759,750

In France July 12, 1946 12 Claims.

This invention relates to fragmenting tools and more particularly to milling cutters having circularly arranged teeth that are positioned angularly with respect to the body of the tool.

' It is known that in numerous cases it is necessary .or advantageous to reduce wood and other fibrous substances such' as straw and other vegetable substances into small fragments of the nature of sawdust. This reduction to fragments is useful for the manufacture of various agglomerates. It is also advisable for facilitating the transport of the substance which is much less bulky in the reduced state than in the natural state.

This invention has for its object to provide a novel means which enables such fragmentation or reduction to fragments to be effected under optimum conditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide fragmenting tools which comprise a plurality of concentric toothed crowns which are vertically staggered relatively .to one another in such a manner that the plane defined by the various rings of teeth which are radially and vertically staggered relatively to one another has a certain obliquity, for example 45, with respect to the cutting plane. The obliquity of said plane which covers the successive rings of teeth may be the same as that of the teeth of each row or, on the contrary, it may be different. By operating in this manner, thefibres of the wood or other substance worked are only engaged each time over a very small portion of their height, so that they are cut into extremely small fragments by the successive teeth and .the successive rows of teeth. Furthermore, with this feed of the work, the rotary tool can very quickly cut up a considerable height of the substance treated, thereby efiecting an excellent output of work, taking into account the power consumed.

Another object of the invention is to provide tools and inparticular milling cutters comprising one or a plurality of oblique rings of teeth, said teeth'being cut integrally with or secured to the cutter, and also cutting devices comprising a block in which are clamped one or a plurality of circular band saws.

The novelfeaturesthat are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in{ the appended claims. The inventionitself, ,howeven'both as to its organizationfand its method, of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with theaccompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several figures and in which: 1

Fig. 1' is a partial vertical sectionalong the line I-I of Fig. 2, of a milling cutter used ac-- cording to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a corresponding partial plan view.

Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section along the line IIIIII of Fig. 4, showinga modified milling cutter.' v 5 Fig. 4 is a corresponding partial plan view.

Fig. 5 is 'a partial vertical section of a block supporting a band-saw blade.

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation which illustrates the action of the tools according to the invention on a piece of Wood. a I

Fig. 7 showsa. partial vertical section of a modification. I .s-c'a Fig. 8 shows a: tooth profile according to another modification.

Fig. 9-is a section along the line IXIX of Figure 10 is a partial vertical section of a block supporting plural concentric band-saws, staggered verticallywith respect to one another;

Figure 11 is a sectional elevation which illustrates the action of the upper part of the teeth as they first engage the wood to be cut.

In Figs- 1,3, .5, 6 and 7, (1-12 designates the axis of rotation of the tools; and in Figs. 2 and4, cd indicates the plane ofthe teeth.

According to Figs. 1 and 2,.the milling cuttercomprises three rows of oblique teeth I, 2, 3, each of a Vertical height-w, carried by a disc 6; In these figures, said teeth are integral with the circular block, body; plate or cutter disc B. The cutter body or discshown provided with an outwardly inclinedperipheral edge is mounted on a drive shaft by means of a hole 4.

According-to Figs..- 3' and 4, a plurality of segg mental toothed elements 5 are secured to a cir-' cular body, plate or disc 6'- having an upwardly and outwardly extending peripheral edge flange, by means of slightly conical studs! having screwthreaded portions Biorremovably securing the studs tosaid disc. Each toothed element comprises three rows of obliquelypositioned teeth 9, l0, Il,.with each of the-teeth extending vertically for a height at. r I ,v I In Figs. 1 and 2, the rows of; teeth are staggered relatively to one another, the line cd passing three teeth, one of each row, positioned at an acute angle relative to the radius of the disc 6. In Fig s..1 to 4 the rows of teeth define an oblique plane intended to engage the substance to be reduced to fragments or disintegrated.

Fig. 5 shows another modification comprising a blade-holder l2 provided with a circular groove [3 in which is placed a band-saw I4 provided with I1 acting on an inclined surface l6 of a trans-v verse hole provided in each of the clamps l 5.

I8 is a piece of Wood to b eififeiducedtito fragments. It will be seen that "the" saw engages said piece of wood at l8, at a certain inclination. I Fig. 6 illustrates the worhpf .the:too1 ing to the invention. l9 are theteeth-ofazmilling cutter, for example according toFigs. 1 and 2. Said teeth engage the piece er'weea ur mia versely along a plane 2|, forming a working plane positioned at an angle of about 45 between the lengthwise direction of the piece 20 and the cutting plane transversely through the piece 20 across rthe graimthereof. The cutting plane see Figurgei and-Figure 6) given-.by .the inclination ffltheeed es f the teeth. de e ds vonly o t a inclination; the working ,planedepends, on the contrary, .on sthe -position ,Of; these teeth with respect;to thatiof -:the wood to'becut. It lies at amangletoth .cuttingplane transverselythrough the material; this angulation between the workin plane 1| 4 and :the cu tting plane lies inthe pl ne. of he hei ht. rrepresented .on Figure 6 and explained further.

* .The cutting :edges =03? -each.ammlar .row ..and of a .i iurality of successive mows are :inclinedabout 45 to 52 upward and inwardtoward :axis a-b tangent .vto :a cone ;or cones .of such :base angle and generate and define, with the rotation of the tool, a truncatedcnne or gusto-conical surface, the base-angles of which are thesam'e and may be about A". Thus, :there .are a plurality .of radially oblique concentric circular rows of teeth which are.verticallyxstaggered'withrespectto one another, the cutting .edge orea'ch .tooth definin a r11sto-zcon-ical surface .thesinclina'tion of which varies withztheposition ofitheetooth andlies at an angle :to ;the working plane of .the tool. fibres of the wood .are thus successively engaged over yerysmall fractionsiof their length so that they .are .cut; into very small fragments. When,

as in the examplesof Figs.- 1=to-4, use is made of r a iplurality' iof'r ows of teeth located at difi'ernt levels I staggered vertical-ly relatively to one .an othennot' onlydo the various rows of teeth engage the fibres of the wood successively, but furthermore, in each row of itee'th, the length of fibre corresponding tothe cutting height 'of said row of --'teeth is reduced to Jragments, owing to the fact that the teethlgradually engage said fibres due to their inclination reiativel y to same.

' In this figure, :a: 'des igiiates the 'heig'h't of cut of the -'cutter and the1ines -22 divide the wood arbitrarily into unitsiofi-ciitting reed yI a It will thus The . since, as ,;each,

4 woody vegetable substances such 'as straw, papyrus, etc.

Fig. 8 shows partially the profile of the teeth 28 of a cutter corresponding to Fig. 7. Said teeth, which are directed towards the axis of rotation are -futthermorelateral ly incli ned as at 28', as shown in particular in Fig. 9.

The invention thus makes it possible literally t,o;cut fibrous substances into very small fragments and, iurtherrn ore, the output is very high small amount ,o' rk, the force required for the fragmentation is uniformly distributed over all the teethioftithesvarious rows, so that an optimum distribution-of the work is obtained over ,all the partspiall, the teeth of the cutter.

Th e tc'iols according to the invention can be made in extremely varied shapes according to the substances-to be worked. The cutters may comprise one, two or any desired number of rows of teeth e- -nat eneofetheMark n fpl neeef thetwt planezandetheteethaieachrcw relastaggered vertically withrespect 1:110 -:one.;another,1'

therebyiormingaatool with stages 10f teeth filigure 10) similar to the cutters .hereinbefone .described.

flh-e fragmentation aefiecjted accurding -;to the method of the invention-:by-;means of toolsfhaving :an oblique iplane of work :rela'tively [to-"the cutting plane makes it possible to work reen woods and even wood fromireshlymut downtrees,

.' still .containingza, very large proportion of .mois

ture. Since zthe fibres are engaged bythe fragmentation itoo'ls in :a state of rhaximum expansion, lthe iraginen'ts formed fuijther contract or shrink to a very great extent after drying, thereby enabling anextrme'ly :fine product-tube obtained.

The obliquity of the working plane relatively-to the cutting plane may be the reverse of that shown by way of example in the drawings, in that case (Figure-119 the upper {part of the' tieeth first engages-the woodjto'bebut.

Owing to the fact that' tl ie'operating tools :are preferably driven at high sh ep; s iveryapprec'b abl'eheati-n'g occurs at the-instant whep-iragrnenta't'io'n' takes place, which favours evapqigatio by adding itself t lib i ii t ammat b thefrietiei er the eed agaiportingfplate duringtherot Th reduced page o ommissar was me la el 1,- te ragnt b f nl t o.ewiit f m et .e apq i obviousfthatrnany modific'at ns thereof are pos-o sible. The invention, therefore, is not ,to I striated except in so far as necessitat by the p io L i and Ir It is iiri't 91 er neml a "'We'c'laim:

; ss 29, 1 th ag re ates fibrous substances, which comprises a plurality of radially oblique, concentric, circular rows of teeth which are vertically staggered with respect to one another, the cutting edge of each tooth defining on rotation a frusto-conical surface the inclination of which varies with the position of the tooth in each row of teeth and lies at an angle to the cutting plane of the tooth.

2. A rotary tool for the fragmentation of fibrous substances, which comprises a plurality of radially oblique, concentric, circular rows of teeth which are vertically staggered with respect to one another, the cutting edge of each tooth defining on rotation a frusto-conical sur-- face, the inclination of which varies with the position of the tooth in each row of teeth and lies at an angle to the cutting plane of the tool, the upper part of each tooth first engaging the wood to be cut so as to reverse the obliquity of the working plane relative to the cutting plane.

3. A rotary tool for the fragmentation of fibrous substances, which comprises a body portion, surrounded by one or more radially oblique concentric circular rows of teeth, the outer cutting edge of each tooth being inclined relatively to said body and the cutting plane of the teeth of each row being parallel with the body and generating on rotation of the tool, a truncated cone, the base angle of which is between 45 and 52, constituting the working plane, to engage and cut the substance at points on lines parallel to a circular path through the cutting edges and said cone and at said angle to the cutting plane transversely through the substance.

4. A rotary tool according to claim 3, wherein the teeth are cut integral with the body portion of the tool.

5. A rotary tool according to claim 3, wherein the body portion is formed by a plate, segmentshaped elements are removably fixed to said plate, and a number of teeth are formed on each of said segments.

6. A rotary tool according to claim 3, wherein the teeth are bent over in the direction of the shaft and the teeth of successive rows are disposed at different levels.

of radially oblique, concentric, circular rows of teeth which are vertically staggered with respect to one another, the cutting edge of each tooth defining on rotation, a frusto-conical surface, the inclination of which varies with the position of the tooth and lies at an angle to I the working plane of the tool.

9. A rotary tool for the fragmentation of fibrous substances, which comprises a plurality of radially oblique, concentric, circular rows of teeth which are vertically staggered with respect' to one another, the cutting edge of each tooth generating on rotation, a frusto-conical surface the inclination of which constitutes the working iii) plane thereof and lies at an angle to the cutting plane of the tool, said rows of teeth defining a frusto-conical surface the inclination of which is the same as that of the teeth of each row.

10. A rotary tool for the fragmentation of fibrous substances, which comprises a plurality of radially oblique, concentric, circular rows of teeth which are vertically staggered with respect to one another, said teeth having their outer cutting edges inclined outwardly so as to generate on rotation of the tool, a cone the base angle of which is substantially and constitutes the working angle and plane of the tool and lies at such angle to the cutting plane of the row of teeth, said rows of teeth defining a frusto-conical surface the inclination of which is opposite to that of the teeth of each row.

11. A rotary fragmenting tool which comprises a block, at least one saw band arranged concentrically in said block, the teeth of said band being outwardly inclined, and means for clamping said band in the block.

12. A rotary tool which comprises a block, at

least one saw band being arranged in the block,

clamping means for holding said band, and teeth of said saw band being bent over in the direction of the axis of rotation of the tool.

CHARLES EUGENE ROGER VAZIEUX. LUCIEN HIPPOLYTE PROUTEAU.

REFERENCES CIIEED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

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